Taking microdoses (a mere fraction of normal doses) of psychedelic substances, such as truffles, recently gained popularity, as it allegedly has multiple beneficial effects including creativity and problem-solving performance, potentially through targeting serotonergic 5-HT_2A receptors and promoting cognitive flexibility, crucial to creative thinking. Nevertheless, enhancing effects of microdosing remain anecdotal, and in the absence of quantitative research on microdosing psychedelics, it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions on that matter. Here, our main aim was to quantitatively explore the cognitive-enhancing potential of microdosing psychedelics in healthy adults. During a microdosing event organized by the Dutch Psychedelic Society, we examined the effects of psychedelic truffles (which were later analyzed to quantify active psychedelic alkaloids) on two creativity-related problem-solving tasks: the Picture Concept Task assessing convergent thinking and the Alternative Uses Task assessing divergent thinking. A short version of the Ravens Progressive Matrices task assessed potential changes in fluid intelligence. We tested once before taking a microdose and once while the effects were expected to be manifested. We found that both convergent and divergent thinking performance was improved after a non-blinded microdose, whereas fluid intelligence was unaffected. While this study provides quantitative support for the cognitive-enhancing properties of microdosing psychedelics, future research has to confirm these preliminary findings in more rigorous placebo-controlled study designs. Based on these preliminary results, we speculate that psychedelics might affect cognitive metacontrol policies by optimizing the balance between cognitive persistence and flexibility. We hope this study will motivate future microdosing studies with more controlled designs to test this hypothesis. Read the full Study on Springer Link

THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A BAD TRIP (?) “There’s no such thing as a bad trip” is a concept that is rising in popularity among experienced drug users. However, I don’t subscribe to this concept. To me, there is such a thing as a bad trip and it is determined by how we choose to deal with an uncomfortable experience. This choice determines whether the challenges we face during a psychedelic encounter will be a bad trip or a hard trip, which are two qualitatively different experiences. A bad trip is when we become overwhelmed by an anxiety resulted from the resistance of an altered state—i.e., wishing we were not high anymore or wishing the experience was different. This is usually a result of taking drugs without an understanding what we are getting ourselves into, inappropriate dosage or taking drugs in a destructive environment. As a bad trip subsides, often there has been no lesson learned and we, relieved to be free of that “bad” experience, are quick to leave it all behind and forget the experience altogether. Not all bad trips are that bad, but they certainly aren’t very enjoyable. The elements that create a bad trip and their consequences can often be avoided by knowledgeable use and proper guidance. A hard trip is when we are presented with the darker aspects of self, the shadow. But instead of resisting the discomfort of that encounter, we embrace it, we surrender to it. It is these trips that hold the most potential for personal growth. And learning how to surrender into the honesty of emotional experience, especially if it is challenging, enables this growth most effectively. The key difference between these two types of experiences is that during a bad trip we close ourselves off to what is being presented; during a hard trip we open ourselves up. For example, the psilocybin mushroom can send us into a full expression of emotional potency. It amplifies whatever emotional state may be present within us at the time, known or unknown, positive or negative. The mind then compiles and brings awareness to all the thought patterns and memories attributed to the meaningfulness of the emotional state we are in. If during this process we fixate awareness on feeling uncomfortable by resisting an uncomfortable emotion, we amplify the potency of being uncomfortable in an effort to explain that discomfort to ourselves through various thought patterns, memories, or feelings. If, when confronted with the same uncomfortable emotion, we choose to surrender to its presence, we will generate a different meaningfulness towards that discomfort. A meaningfulness of being healed, for example, will generate a different set of thought patterns and memories. Essentially, whether we go through a detrimental bad trip or a beneficial hard trip is decided by choices we make—I personally find this very empowering. Original Article from James Jesso